#JSON Web Token

[techsmarts]

Another great infographic from ByteByteGo that crams a lot of detail into a single page.

This one illustrates the difference between session tokens and JSON web tokens (JWT) and then goes on to show how JWTs are the backbone of modern single sign on (SSO) and OAuth flows.

(via https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/041727d8-aaba-4c1d-8b74-b2c26e2e05e2_1446x1890.png (1446×1890))

[billa-billa007]

JWT Security Vulnerabilities | CyberSecurityTv

JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) are a widely used method for representing claims between two parties in a compact and self-contained way

[rexoweb0]

How To Generate JWT Token

Welcome To the Article About How To Generate JWT Token (JSON Web Token)! In this article, we will discuss the concept of the JWT token, the benefits of using it, how to generate it, and the security considerations that come with it. We will also explore how to use JWT token authentication in your applications. By the end of this blog, you will have a better understanding of JWT token and how to…

[pentesttestingcorp]

How to Protect Your Laravel App from JWT Attacks: A Complete Guide

Introduction: Understanding JWT Attacks in Laravel

JSON Web Tokens (JWT) have become a popular method for securely transmitting information between parties. However, like any other security feature, they are vulnerable to specific attacks if not properly implemented. Laravel, a powerful PHP framework, is widely used for building secure applications, but developers must ensure their JWT implementation is robust to avoid security breaches.

In this blog post, we will explore common JWT attacks in Laravel and how to protect your application from these vulnerabilities. We'll also demonstrate how you can use our Website Vulnerability Scanner to assess your application for potential vulnerabilities.

Common JWT Attacks in Laravel

JWT is widely used for authentication purposes, but several attacks can compromise its integrity. Some of the most common JWT attacks include:

JWT Signature Forgery: Attackers can forge JWT tokens by modifying the payload and signing them with weak or compromised secret keys.

JWT Token Brute-Force: Attackers can attempt to brute-force the secret key used to sign the JWT tokens.

JWT Token Replay: Attackers can capture and replay JWT tokens to gain unauthorized access to protected resources.

JWT Weak Algorithms: Using weak signing algorithms, such as HS256, can make it easier for attackers to manipulate the tokens.

Mitigating JWT Attacks in Laravel

1. Use Strong Signing Algorithms

Ensure that you use strong signing algorithms like RS256 or ES256 instead of weak algorithms like HS256. Laravel's jwt-auth package allows you to configure the algorithm used to sign JWT tokens.

Example:

// config/jwt.php 'algorithms' => [ 'RS256' => \Tymon\JWTAuth\Providers\JWT\Provider::class, ],

This configuration will ensure that the JWT is signed using the RSA algorithm, which is more secure than the default HS256 algorithm.

2. Implement Token Expiry and Refresh

A common issue with JWT tokens is that they often lack expiration. Ensure that your JWT tokens have an expiry time to reduce the impact of token theft.

Example:

// config/jwt.php 'ttl' => 3600, // Set token expiry time to 1 hour

In addition to setting expiry times, implement a refresh token mechanism to allow users to obtain a new JWT when their current token expires.

3. Validate Tokens Properly

Proper token validation is essential to ensure that JWT tokens are authentic and have not been tampered with. Use Laravel’s built-in functions to validate the JWT and ensure it is not expired.

Example:

use Tymon\JWTAuth\Facades\JWTAuth; public function authenticate(Request $request) { try { // Validate JWT token JWTAuth::parseToken()->authenticate(); } catch (\Tymon\JWTAuth\Exceptions\JWTException $e) { return response()->json(['error' => 'Token is invalid or expired'], 401); } }

This code will catch any JWT exceptions and return an appropriate error message to the user if the token is invalid or expired.

4. Secure JWT Storage

Always store JWT tokens in secure locations, such as in HTTP-only cookies or secure local storage. This minimizes the risk of token theft via XSS attacks.

Example (using HTTP-only cookies):

// Setting JWT token in HTTP-only cookie $response->cookie('token', $token, $expirationTime, '/', null, true, true);

Testing Your JWT Security with Our Free Website Security Checker

Ensuring that your Laravel application is free from vulnerabilities requires ongoing testing. Our free Website Security Scanner helps identify common vulnerabilities, including JWT-related issues, in your website or application.

To check your site for JWT-related vulnerabilities, simply visit our tool and input your URL. The tool will scan for issues like weak algorithms, insecure token storage, and expired tokens.

Screenshot of the free tools webpage where you can access security assessment tools.

Example of a Vulnerability Assessment Report

Once the scan is completed, you will receive a detailed vulnerability assessment report to check Website Vulnerability. Here's an example of what the report might look like after checking for JWT security vulnerabilities.

An Example of a vulnerability assessment report generated with our free tool, providing insights into possible vulnerabilities.

By addressing these vulnerabilities, you can significantly reduce the risk of JWT-related attacks in your Laravel application.

Conclusion: Securing Your Laravel Application from JWT Attacks

Securing JWT tokens in your Laravel application is essential to protect user data and maintain the integrity of your authentication system. By following the steps outlined in this post, including using strong algorithms, implementing token expiry, and validating tokens properly, you can safeguard your app from common JWT attacks.

Additionally, make sure to regularly test your application for vulnerabilities using tools like our Website Security Checker. It’s a proactive approach that ensures your Laravel application remains secure against JWT attacks.

For more security tips and detailed guides, visit our Pentest Testing Corp.

[cssscriptcom]

Base64 URL Encoder and Decoder with UTF-8 support - base64url

Base64url is a lightweight, straightforward TypeScript library that encodes and decodes Base64 URLs for JavaScript strings with comprehensive UTF-8 support. It can be useful for developers working with JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) or those involved in encoding JavaScript strings to UTF-8 for binary formats. How to use it: 1. Download the package and import the following modules into your…

[this-week-in-rust]

This Week in Rust 533

Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tag us at @ThisWeekInRust on Twitter or @ThisWeekinRust on mastodon.social, or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.

This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub and archives can be viewed at this-week-in-rust.org. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.

Updates from Rust Community

Official

crates.io: API status code changes

Foundation

Google Contributes $1M to Rust Foundation to Support C++/Rust "Interop Initiative"

Project/Tooling Updates

Announcing the Tauri v2 Beta Release

Polars — Why we have rewritten the string data type

rust-analyzer changelog #219

Ratatui 0.26.0 - a Rust library for cooking up terminal user interfaces

Observations/Thoughts

Will it block?

Embedded Rust in Production ..?

Let futures be futures

Compiling Rust is testing

Rust web frameworks have subpar error reporting

[video] Proving Performance - FOSDEM 2024 - Rust Dev Room

[video] Stefan Baumgartner - Trials, Traits, and Tribulations

[video] Rainer Stropek - Memory Management in Rust

[video] Shachar Langbeheim - Async & FFI - not exactly a love story

[video] Massimiliano Mantione - Object Oriented Programming, and Rust

[audio] Unlocking Rust's power through mentorship and knowledge spreading, with Tim McNamara

[audio] Asciinema with Marcin Kulik

Non-Affine Types, ManuallyDrop and Invariant Lifetimes in Rust - Part One

Nine Rules for Accessing Cloud Files from Your Rust Code: Practical lessons from upgrading Bed-Reader, a bioinformatics library

Rust Walkthroughs

AsyncWrite and a Tale of Four Implementations

Garbage Collection Without Unsafe Code

Fragment specifiers in Rust Macros

Writing a REST API in Rust

[video] Traits and operators

Write a simple netcat client and server in Rust

Miscellaneous

RustFest 2024 Announcement

Preprocessing trillions of tokens with Rust (case study)

All EuroRust 2023 talks ordered by the view count

Crate of the Week

This week's crate is embedded-cli-rs, a library that makes it easy to create CLIs on embedded devices.

Thanks to Sviatoslav Kokurin for the self-suggestion!

Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!

Call for Participation; projects and speakers

CFP - Projects

Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but did not know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!

Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.

Fluvio - Build a new python wrapping for the fluvio client crate

Fluvio - MQTT Connector: Prefix auto generated Client ID to prevent connection drops

Ockam - Implement events in SqlxDatabase

Ockam - Output for both ockam project ticket and ockam project enroll is improved, with support for --output json

Ockam - Output for ockam project ticket is improved and information is not opaque 

Hyperswitch - [FEATURE]: Setup code coverage for local tests & CI

Hyperswitch - [FEATURE]: Have get_required_value to use ValidationError in OptionExt

If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here.

CFP - Speakers

Are you a new or experienced speaker looking for a place to share something cool? This section highlights events that are being planned and are accepting submissions to join their event as a speaker.

RustNL 2024 CFP closes 2024-02-19 | Delft, The Netherlands | Event date: 2024-05-07 & 2024-05-08

NDC Techtown CFP closes 2024-04-14 | Kongsberg, Norway | Event date: 2024-09-09 to 2024-09-12

If you are an event organizer hoping to expand the reach of your event, please submit a link to the submission website through a PR to TWiR.

Updates from the Rust Project

309 pull requests were merged in the last week

add avx512fp16 to x86 target features

riscv only supports split_debuginfo=off for now

target: default to the medium code model on LoongArch targets

#![feature(inline_const_pat)] is no longer incomplete

actually abort in -Zpanic-abort-tests

add missing potential_query_instability for keys and values in hashmap

avoid ICE when is_val_statically_known is not of a supported type

be more careful about interpreting a label/lifetime as a mistyped char literal

check RUST_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIG in profile_user_dist test

correctly check never_type feature gating

coverage: improve handling of function/closure spans

coverage: use normal edition: headers in coverage tests

deduplicate more sized errors on call exprs

pattern_analysis: Gracefully abort on type incompatibility

pattern_analysis: cleanup manual impls

pattern_analysis: cleanup the contexts

fix BufReader unsoundness by adding a check in default_read_buf

fix ICE on field access on a tainted type after const-eval failure

hir: refactor getters for owner nodes

hir: remove the generic type parameter from MaybeOwned

improve the diagnostics for unused generic parameters

introduce support for async bound modifier on Fn* traits

make matching on NaN a hard error, and remove the rest of illegal_floating_point_literal_pattern

make the coroutine def id of an async closure the child of the closure def id

miscellaneous diagnostics cleanups

move UI issue tests to subdirectories

move predicate, region, and const stuff into their own modules in middle

never patterns: It is correct to lower ! to _

normalize region obligation in lexical region resolution with next-gen solver

only suggest removal of as_* and to_ conversion methods on E0308

provide more context on derived obligation error primary label

suggest changing type to const parameters if we encounter a type in the trait bound position

suppress unhelpful diagnostics for unresolved top level attributes

miri: normalize struct tail in ABI compat check

miri: moving out sched_getaffinity interception from linux'shim, FreeBSD su…

miri: switch over to rustc's tracing crate instead of using our own log crate

revert unsound libcore changes

fix some Arc allocator leaks

use <T, U> for array/slice equality impls

improve io::Read::read_buf_exact error case

reject infinitely-sized reads from io::Repeat

thread_local::register_dtor fix proposal for FreeBSD

add LocalWaker and ContextBuilder types to core, and LocalWake trait to alloc

codegen_gcc: improve iterator for files suppression

cargo: Don't panic on empty spans

cargo: Improve map/sequence error message

cargo: apply -Zpanic-abort-tests to doctests too

cargo: don't print rustdoc command lines on failure by default

cargo: stabilize lockfile v4

cargo: fix markdown line break in cargo-add

cargo: use spec id instead of name to match package

rustdoc: fix footnote handling

rustdoc: correctly handle attribute merge if this is a glob reexport

rustdoc: prevent JS injection from localStorage

rustdoc: trait.impl, type.impl: sort impls to make it not depend on serialization order

clippy: redundant_locals: take by-value closure captures into account

clippy: new lint: manual_c_str_literals

clippy: add lint_groups_priority lint

clippy: add new lint: ref_as_ptr

clippy: add configuration for wildcard_imports to ignore certain imports

clippy: avoid deleting labeled blocks

clippy: fixed FP in unused_io_amount for Ok(lit), unrachable! and unwrap de…

rust-analyzer: "Normalize import" assist and utilities for normalizing use trees

rust-analyzer: enable excluding refs search results in test

rust-analyzer: support for GOTO def from inside files included with include! macro

rust-analyzer: emit parser error for missing argument list

rust-analyzer: swap Subtree::token_trees from Vec to boxed slice

Rust Compiler Performance Triage

Rust's CI was down most of the week, leading to a much smaller collection of commits than usual. Results are mostly neutral for the week.

Triage done by @simulacrum. Revision range: 5c9c3c78..0984bec

0 Regressions, 2 Improvements, 1 Mixed; 1 of them in rollups 17 artifact comparisons made in total

Full report here

Approved RFCs

Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:

No RFCs were approved this week.

Final Comment Period

Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.

RFCs

No RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

Tracking Issues & PRs

[disposition: merge] Consider principal trait ref's auto-trait super-traits in dyn upcasting

[disposition: merge] remove sub_relations from the InferCtxt

[disposition: merge] Optimize away poison guards when std is built with panic=abort

[disposition: merge] Check normalized call signature for WF in mir typeck

Language Reference

No Language Reference RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

Unsafe Code Guidelines

No Unsafe Code Guideline RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

New and Updated RFCs

Nested function scoped type parameters

Call for Testing

An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:

No RFCs issued a call for testing this week.

If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.

Upcoming Events

Rusty Events between 2024-02-07 - 2024-03-06 ����

Virtual

2024-02-07 | Virtual (Indianapolis, IN, US) | Indy Rust

Indy.rs - Ezra Singh - How Rust Saved My Eyes

2024-02-08 | Virtual (Charlottesville, NC, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

2024-02-08 | Virtual (Nürnberg, DE) | Rust Nüremberg

Rust Nürnberg online

2024-02-10 | Virtual (Krakow, PL) | Stacja IT Kraków

Rust – budowanie narzędzi działających w linii komend

2024-02-10 | Virtual (Wrocław, PL) | Stacja IT Wrocław

Rust – budowanie narzędzi działających w linii komend

2024-02-13 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Second Tuesday

2024-02-15 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin + Rust Berlin

Rust Hack n Learn | Mirror: Rust Hack n Learn

2024-02-15 | Virtual + In person (Praha, CZ) | Rust Czech Republic

Introduction and Rust in production

2024-02-19 | Virtual (Melbourne, VIC, AU) | Rust Melbourne

February 2024 Rust Melbourne Meetup

2024-02-20 | Virtual | Rust for Lunch

Lunch

2024-02-21 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK) | Rust and C++ Cardiff

Rust for Rustaceans Book Club: Chapter 2 - Types

2024-02-21 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust

Rust Study/Hack/Hang-out

2024-02-22 | Virtual (Charlottesville, NC, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

Asia

2024-02-10 | Hyderabad, IN | Rust Language Hyderabad

Rust Language Develope BootCamp

Europe

2024-02-07 | Cologne, DE | Rust Cologne

Embedded Abstractions | Event page

2024-02-07 | London, UK | Rust London User Group

Rust for the Web — Mainmatter x Shuttle Takeover

2024-02-08 | Bern, CH | Rust Bern

Rust Bern Meetup #1 2024 🦀

2024-02-08 | Oslo, NO | Rust Oslo

Rust-based banter

2024-02-13 | Trondheim, NO | Rust Trondheim

Building Games with Rust: Dive into the Bevy Framework

2024-02-15 | Praha, CZ - Virtual + In-person | Rust Czech Republic

Introduction and Rust in production

2024-02-21 | Lyon, FR | Rust Lyon

Rust Lyon Meetup #8

2024-02-22 | Aarhus, DK | Rust Aarhus

Rust and Talk at Partisia

North America

2024-02-07 | Brookline, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Coolidge Corner Brookline Rust Lunch, Feb 7

2024-02-08 | Lehi, UT, US | Utah Rust

BEAST: Recreating a classic DOS terminal game in Rust

2024-02-12 | Minneapolis, MN, US | Minneapolis Rust Meetup

Minneapolis Rust: Open Source Contrib Hackathon & Happy Hour

2024-02-13 | New York, NY, US | Rust NYC

Rust NYC Monthly Mixer

2024-02-13 | Seattle, WA, US | Cap Hill Rust Coding/Hacking/Learning

Rusty Coding/Hacking/Learning Night

2024-02-15 | Boston, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Back Bay Rust Lunch, Feb 15

2024-02-15 | Seattle, WA, US | Seattle Rust User Group

Seattle Rust User Group Meetup

2024-02-20 | San Francisco, CA, US | San Francisco Rust Study Group

Rust Hacking in Person

2024-02-22 | Mountain View, CA, US | Mountain View Rust Meetup

Rust Meetup at Hacker Dojo

2024-02-28 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX

Rust Lunch - Fareground

Oceania

2024-02-19 | Melbourne, VIC, AU + Virtual | Rust Melbourne

February 2024 Rust Melbourne Meetup

2024-02-27 | Canberra, ACT, AU | Canberra Rust User Group

February Meetup

2024-02-27 | Sydney, NSW, AU | Rust Sydney

🦀 spire ⚡ & Quick

If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.

Jobs

Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust

Quote of the Week

My take on this is that you cannot use async Rust correctly and fluently without understanding Arc, Mutex, the mutability of variables/references, and how async and await syntax compiles in the end. Rust forces you to understand how and why things are the way they are. It gives you minimal abstraction to do things that could’ve been tedious to do yourself.

I got a chance to work on two projects that drastically forced me to understand how async/await works. The first one is to transform a library that is completely sync and only requires a sync trait to talk to the outside service. This all sounds fine, right? Well, this becomes a problem when we try to port it into browsers. The browser is single-threaded and cannot block the JavaScript runtime at all! It is arguably the most weird environment for Rust users. It is simply impossible to rewrite the whole library, as it has already been shipped to production on other platforms.

What we did instead was rewrite the network part using async syntax, but using our own generator. The idea is simple: the generator produces a future when called, and the produced future can be awaited. But! The produced future contains an arc pointer to the generator. That means we can feed the generator the value we are waiting for, then the caller who holds the reference to the generator can feed the result back to the function and resume it. For the browser, we use the native browser API to derive the network communications; for other platforms, we just use regular blocking network calls. The external interface remains unchanged for other platforms.

Honestly, I don’t think any other language out there could possibly do this. Maybe C or C++, but which will never have the same development speed and developer experience.

I believe people have already mentioned it, but the current asynchronous model of Rust is the most reasonable choice. It does create pain for developers, but on the other hand, there is no better asynchronous model for Embedded or WebAssembly.

– /u/Top_Outlandishness78 on /r/rust

Thanks to Brian Kung for the suggestion!

Please submit quotes and vote for next week!

This Week in Rust is edited by: nellshamrell, llogiq, cdmistman, ericseppanen, extrawurst, andrewpollack, U007D, kolharsam, joelmarcey, mariannegoldin, bennyvasquez.

Email list hosting is sponsored by The Rust Foundation

Discuss on r/rust

[siddaling]

Advanced Techniques in Full-Stack Development

Certainly, let's delve deeper into more advanced techniques and concepts in full-stack development:

1. Server-Side Rendering (SSR) and Static Site Generation (SSG):

SSR: Rendering web pages on the server side to improve performance and SEO by delivering fully rendered pages to the client.

SSG: Generating static HTML files at build time, enhancing speed, and reducing the server load.

2. WebAssembly:

WebAssembly (Wasm): A binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine. It allows high-performance execution of code on web browsers, enabling languages like C, C++, and Rust to run in web applications.

3. Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) Enhancements:

Background Sync: Allowing PWAs to sync data in the background even when the app is closed.

Web Push Notifications: Implementing push notifications to engage users even when they are not actively using the application.

4. State Management:

Redux and MobX: Advanced state management libraries in React applications for managing complex application states efficiently.

Reactive Programming: Utilizing RxJS or other reactive programming libraries to handle asynchronous data streams and events in real-time applications.

5. WebSockets and WebRTC:

WebSockets: Enabling real-time, bidirectional communication between clients and servers for applications requiring constant data updates.

WebRTC: Facilitating real-time communication, such as video chat, directly between web browsers without the need for plugins or additional software.

6. Caching Strategies:

Content Delivery Networks (CDN): Leveraging CDNs to cache and distribute content globally, improving website loading speeds for users worldwide.

Service Workers: Using service workers to cache assets and data, providing offline access and improving performance for returning visitors.

7. GraphQL Subscriptions:

GraphQL Subscriptions: Enabling real-time updates in GraphQL APIs by allowing clients to subscribe to specific events and receive push notifications when data changes.

8. Authentication and Authorization:

OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect: Implementing secure authentication and authorization protocols for user login and access control.

JSON Web Tokens (JWT): Utilizing JWTs to securely transmit information between parties, ensuring data integrity and authenticity.

9. Content Management Systems (CMS) Integration:

Headless CMS: Integrating headless CMS like Contentful or Strapi, allowing content creators to manage content independently from the application's front end.

10. Automated Performance Optimization:

Lighthouse and Web Vitals: Utilizing tools like Lighthouse and Google's Web Vitals to measure and optimize web performance, focusing on key user-centric metrics like loading speed and interactivity.

11. Machine Learning and AI Integration:

TensorFlow.js and ONNX.js: Integrating machine learning models directly into web applications for tasks like image recognition, language processing, and recommendation systems.

12. Cross-Platform Development with Electron:

Electron: Building cross-platform desktop applications using web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript), allowing developers to create desktop apps for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

13. Advanced Database Techniques:

Database Sharding: Implementing database sharding techniques to distribute large databases across multiple servers, improving scalability and performance.

Full-Text Search and Indexing: Implementing full-text search capabilities and optimized indexing for efficient searching and data retrieval.

14. Chaos Engineering:

Chaos Engineering: Introducing controlled experiments to identify weaknesses and potential failures in the system, ensuring the application's resilience and reliability.

15. Serverless Architectures with AWS Lambda or Azure Functions:

Serverless Architectures: Building applications as a collection of small, single-purpose functions that run in a serverless environment, providing automatic scaling and cost efficiency.

16. Data Pipelines and ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) Processes:

Data Pipelines: Creating automated data pipelines for processing and transforming large volumes of data, integrating various data sources and ensuring data consistency.

17. Responsive Design and Accessibility:

Responsive Design: Implementing advanced responsive design techniques for seamless user experiences across a variety of devices and screen sizes.

Accessibility: Ensuring web applications are accessible to all users, including those with disabilities, by following WCAG guidelines and ARIA practices.

full stack development training in Pune

[hindintech]

You can learn NodeJS easily, Here's all you need:

1.Introduction to Node.js

• JavaScript Runtime for Server-Side Development

• Non-Blocking I/0

2.Setting Up Node.js

• Installing Node.js and NPM

• Package.json Configuration

• Node Version Manager (NVM)

3.Node.js Modules

• CommonJS Modules (require, module.exports)

• ES6 Modules (import, export)

• Built-in Modules (e.g., fs, http, events)

4.Core Concepts

• Event Loop

• Callbacks and Asynchronous Programming

• Streams and Buffers

5.Core Modules

• fs (File Svstem)

• http and https (HTTP Modules)

• events (Event Emitter)

• util (Utilities)

• os (Operating System)

• path (Path Module)

6.NPM (Node Package Manager)

• Installing Packages

• Creating and Managing package.json

• Semantic Versioning

• NPM Scripts

7.Asynchronous Programming in Node.js

• Callbacks

• Promises

• Async/Await

• Error-First Callbacks

8.Express.js Framework

• Routing

• Middleware

• Templating Engines (Pug, EJS)

• RESTful APIs

• Error Handling Middleware

9.Working with Databases

• Connecting to Databases (MongoDB, MySQL)

• Mongoose (for MongoDB)

• Sequelize (for MySQL)

• Database Migrations and Seeders

10.Authentication and Authorization

• JSON Web Tokens (JWT)

• Passport.js Middleware

• OAuth and OAuth2

11.Security

• Helmet.js (Security Middleware)

• Input Validation and Sanitization

• Secure Headers

• Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

12.Testing and Debugging

• Unit Testing (Mocha, Chai)

• Debugging Tools (Node Inspector)

• Load Testing (Artillery, Apache Bench)

13.API Documentation

• Swagger

• API Blueprint

• Postman Documentation

14.Real-Time Applications

• WebSockets (Socket.io)

• Server-Sent Events (SSE)

• WebRTC for Video Calls

15.Performance Optimization

• Caching Strategies (in-memory, Redis)

• Load Balancing (Nginx, HAProxy)

• Profiling and Optimization Tools (Node Clinic, New Relic)

16.Deployment and Hosting

• Deploying Node.js Apps (PM2, Forever)

• Hosting Platforms (AWS, Heroku, DigitalOcean)

• Continuous Integration and Deployment-(Jenkins, Travis CI)

17.RESTful API Design

• Best Practices

• API Versioning

• HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine-of Application State)

18.Middleware and Custom Modules

• Creating Custom Middleware

• Organizing Code into Modules

• Publish and Use Private NPM Packages

19.Logging

• Winston Logger

• Morgan Middleware

• Log Rotation Strategies

20.Streaming and Buffers

• Readable and Writable Streams

• Buffers

• Transform Streams

21.Error Handling and Monitoring

• Sentry and Error Tracking

• Health Checks and Monitoring Endpoints

22.Microservices Architecture

• Principles of Microservices

• Communication Patterns (REST, gRPC)

• Service Discovery and Load Balancing in Microservices

[mlembug]

How to archive a Discord channel

I'm going to say this way ahead of time: this is going to be waaaaaaay more of an annoying process than it should be. Discord should allow exporting the channel history to server owners, without the need of doing all this. I won't blame you if you give up.

Get the DiscordChatExporter application to download the chat history

This program has two versions

one that has a graphical interface, but works on Windows only

one that has a command line interface, but works on Windows, Linux and macOS

This guide covers the first. The second one maybe next time, in another post. The second version also makes it easier to download every channel on the server.

Step 1: Go to here, and download the latest version in the zip file named DiscordChatExporter.zip

Step 2: Unpack the zip file

Step 3: Run DiscordChatExporter.exe

Step 4: Dismiss the scary looking warning as this will show up for any program that which developer can't afford paying $629 a year.

Step 5: Close the welcoming message and you'll see the application interface:

Prepare an access token. Do not share it to anyone else - treat it the same way as you treat your password.

There are two ways to do it:

Approach 1: use your own access token, will work with any channel you're able to access, including Direct Messages, but it is a violation of Discord Terms of Service, and therefore your Discord account could get banned for it. Use at your own risk.

Follow the instructions here, which are fairly detailed step-by-step instructions for Chrome, Firefox, and also the desktop app. I'm gonna expand more on approach 2 as I had to figure it out myself, and the current instructions for approach 2 are not really adequate enough. If you go with approach 1, skip down the entire section below, until the "Paste the token in the Token textbox and click the arrow button" section.

Approach 2: create a bot account, invite it to your server, and use its access token. This process assumes you have enough privileges to invite bots to the server ("Manage Server" permission), and therefore, but is also 100% okay as far as Discord's Terms of Service are concerned. It is also generally safer, as accidental leaking of the token will not risk you losing your user account.

Step 1: Go to the Discord developer portal.

Step 2: Create a new application by clicking the "New Application" button

Step 3: Name it however you want, I personally named it "mlemgrab". Agree to the scary sounding long ass terms of service.

Step 4: Go to the Bot section, scroll down to the "Privileged Gateway Intents"

Step 5: Enable the "Message Content Intent". We don't have to worry about the "if your bot is in more than 100 servers" part because our bot will never be in this many servers.

Step 6: Save changes by pressing the green button "Save Changes"

Step 7: Go to "OAuth2" followed by "URL Generator"

Step 8: Select the "bot" scope and then "Read Messages/View Channels" and "Read Message History" permissions

Step 9: Copy the link at the bottom and visit it:

Step 10: Press "Continue", and approve the required permissions by clicking Authorize. Once you do it, the bot account is on the server.

Step 11: Go to "Bot" and click the "Reset Token" button to get the token that will allow you to act (in our case, getting all the messages) using the bot user. If you lose that token, you can click reset again to get a new one.

Paste the token in the Token textbox and click the arrow button

Select the server, and then the channel you want to archive

Click the download button on the bottom right

Select where you want to save it, and the format. HTML is good for easy browsing and preview in a web browser, JSON is good for further processing (let's say someone else later writes a program for importing the conversation elsewhere).

For archivization purposes I recommend saving in both HTML and JSON.

Click "More" for more options.

By default the program will not download any message attachments nor avatars or emotes. If you want that, select "Download assets" option. Preferably while also selecting the "Reuse assets" option and selecting a single directory for assets if you want to archive multiple channels.

You can also select the specific time range and using the partition limit - split the archive into several files each containing N messages.

Press Export. Wait. The progress bar will move very slowly.

Once it is done, you should be able to open the HTML file with your web browser.

Treat anything on Discord as media that will be lost

Do not use Discord to host your files. Do not rely on Discord to preserve your text. DO NOT RELY ON DISCORD FOR ANY KIND OF PRESERVATION OR HOSTING!!

It CAN be lost, it WILL be lost! You must consider Discord as a part of the Core Internet, controlled by one company that hosts the servers.

I thought it was impressive at first that it replaced IRC, but now I am horrified. If the company behind Discord went under today, how many friends would you lose?

How many relationships? How much writing?

You may think this won't happen, but I remember when AIM went down and along with it, entire novels worth of interaction with my oldest friend.

IT CAN HAPPEN TO YOU. IT WILL HAPPEN AGAIN. NO COMPANY IS INFALLIBLE.

Back up your files! Download anything you've saved to Discord NOW, before the API changes go into effect! And DO NOT RELY ON THEM FOR HOLDING IMPORTANT FILES!

[iamdevbox]

JWT Decoding and Validation: A Secure Approach

JSON Web Tokens (JWT) have become a popular choice for authentication and authorization in web applications due to their simplicity and efficiency. However, as with any security mechanism, JWTs require careful handling to ensure their integrity and prevent tampering. In this article, we'll explore the importance of JWT decoding and validation, and provide a step-by-step guide on how to do it securely. Read more: JWT Decoding and Validation: A Secure Approach

[codingbrushup]

How to Use APIs in Your Web Development Projects

API integration for web development might sound intimidating at first, but it’s actually one of the coolest tools in your developer toolkit. You’ve probably heard the term “API” tossed around like candy in dev circles and wondered what all the buzz is about. Well, let’s clear the fog and walk through how you can start using APIs in your web projects — without frying your brain or your browser.

APIs are like digital bridges that help your site talk to other services, fetch data, and offer cool features you didn’t build from scratch. With a little practice and the right guide (hello, Coding Brushup!), API integration becomes an essential tool in your developer toolbox.

🧩What Are APIs and Why Should You Use Them?

An API (Application Programming Interface) is basically a set of rules that lets one program interact with another. When you use Google Maps on your site or pull data from weather apps, you’re using an API integration for web development.

You don’t need to build everything yourself when you can connect your site to reliable services through REST APIs. They handle the heavy lifting while you focus on creating an awesome user experience.

Using REST APIs in web projects helps you save time, reduce bugs, and offer dynamic content without hosting it all yourself.

🔐 Understanding API Authentication Methods

Before you start slinging data around, you’ll need to understand how to access APIs safely. That’s where API authentication methods come in.

Most APIs require some kind of security key, like an API token, OAuth 2.0, or a basic access token. Think of these like keys to a private club — you can’t get in without showing your credentials.

Some APIs let you start without a login (great for testing), but for most real-world usage, authentication is a must. And don’t worry — it’s not as scary as it sounds. Sites like Coding Brushup’s API tutorials make it super beginner-friendly.

📦 JSON and API Data Handling: The Magic Format

When you request data from an API, it often comes back in a format called JSON (JavaScript Object Notation). It’s lightweight, human-readable, and plays well with JavaScript — your new best friend in frontend API calls.

You’ll use JSON and API data handling skills to take that data and display it on your website in a user-friendly way. Want to show user comments from a third-party service? Fetch the data with JavaScript and populate your webpage with it. Magic.

Don’t forget — you can handle API data on the backend, too. Whether you’re using Node.js or Python, backend API calls let your server talk to other services securely and efficiently.

🚀 Putting It All Together: Frontend and Backend API Calls

Once you understand the basics, it’s time to use frontend and backend API calls together for seamless, full-stack magic. Your frontend might display live stock prices while your backend stores user preferences. Together, they create a rich, responsive experience for users.

Want to really stand out? Add APIs like Twitter feeds, weather forecasts, or payment gateways to your projects. API integration helps your web apps stay useful, modern, and engaging.

📘 Learn Faster with Coding Brushup

If you’re feeling excited but a little overwhelmed, don’t worry — you’re not alone. That’s exactly why Coding Brushup exists. Their API tutorials are designed to walk you through the basics step by step, with real code examples, video guides, and even mini-projects.

Whether you’re building your first app or adding advanced API features to a client site, Coding Brushup makes it feel doable — and even fun!

🏁 Final Thoughts

So there you have it. APIs aren’t scary monsters. They’re your backstage passes to powerful, data-rich, and interactive websites. Once you get the hang of API integration for web development, you’ll never want to go back to static pages again.

You just need to understand how APIs work, handle JSON data, use authentication methods, and write a few frontend or backend API calls. Piece of cake, right?

And hey, don’t forget — Coding Brushup has your back every step of the way. Happy coding!

[pentesttestingcorp]

API Vulnerabilities in Symfony: Common Risks & Fixes

Symfony is one of the most robust PHP frameworks used by enterprises and developers to build scalable and secure web applications. However, like any powerful framework, it’s not immune to security issues—especially when it comes to APIs. In this blog, we’ll explore common API vulnerabilities in Symfony, show real coding examples, and explain how to secure them effectively.

We'll also demonstrate how our Free Website Security Scanner helps identify these vulnerabilities before attackers do.

🚨 Common API Vulnerabilities in Symfony

Let’s dive into the key API vulnerabilities developers often overlook:

1. Improper Input Validation

Failure to sanitize input can lead to injection attacks.

❌ Vulnerable Code:

// src/Controller/ApiController.php public function getUser(Request $request) { $id = $request->query->get('id'); $user = $this->getDoctrine() ->getRepository(User::class) ->find("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $id"); return new JsonResponse($user); }

✅ Secure Code with Param Binding:

public function getUser(Request $request) { $id = (int)$request->query->get('id'); $user = $this->getDoctrine() ->getRepository(User::class) ->find($id); return new JsonResponse($user); }

Always validate and sanitize user input, especially IDs and query parameters.

2. Broken Authentication

APIs that don’t properly verify tokens or allow session hijacking are easy targets.

❌ Insecure Token Check:

if ($request->headers->get('Authorization') !== 'Bearer SECRET123') { throw new AccessDeniedHttpException('Unauthorized'); }

✅ Use Symfony’s Built-in Security:

# config/packages/security.yaml firewalls: api: pattern: ^/api/ stateless: true jwt: ~

Implement token validation using LexikJWTAuthenticationBundle to avoid manual and error-prone token checking.

3. Overexposed Data in JSON Responses

Sometimes API responses contain too much information, leading to data leakage.

❌ Unfiltered Response:

return $this->json($user); // Might include password hash or sensitive metadata

✅ Use Serialization Groups:

// src/Entity/User.php use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Groups; class User { /** * @Groups("public") */ private $email; /** * @Groups("internal") */ private $password; } // In controller return $this->json($user, 200, [], ['groups' => 'public']);

Serialization groups help you filter sensitive fields based on context.

🛠️ How to Detect Symfony API Vulnerabilities for Free

📸 Screenshot of the Website Vulnerability Scanner tool homepage

Screenshot of the free tools webpage where you can access security assessment tools.

Manual code audits are helpful but time-consuming. You can use our free Website Security Checker to automatically scan for common security flaws including:

Open API endpoints

Broken authentication

Injection flaws

Insecure HTTP headers

🔎 Try it now: https://free.pentesttesting.com/

📸 Screenshot of an actual vulnerability report generated using the tool to check Website Vulnerability

An Example of a vulnerability assessment report generated with our free tool, providing insights into possible vulnerabilities.

✅ Our Web App Penetration Testing Services

For production apps and high-value APIs, we recommend deep testing beyond automated scans.

Our professional Web App Penetration Testing Services at Pentest Testing Corp. include:

Business logic testing

OWASP API Top 10 analysis

Manual exploitation & proof-of-concept

Detailed PDF reports

💼 Learn more: https://www.pentesttesting.com/web-app-penetration-testing-services/

📚 More Articles from Pentest Testing Corp.

For in-depth cybersecurity tips and tutorials, check out our main blog:

🔗 https://www.pentesttesting.com/blog/

Recent articles:

Laravel API Security Best Practices

XSS Mitigation in React Apps

Threat Modeling for SaaS Platforms

📬 Stay Updated: Subscribe to Our Newsletter

Join cybersecurity enthusiasts and professionals who subscribe to our weekly threat updates, tools, and exclusive research:

🔔 Subscribe on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/build-relation/newsletter-follow?entityUrn=7327563980778995713

💬 Final Thoughts

Symfony is powerful, but with great power comes great responsibility. Developers must understand API security vulnerabilities and patch them proactively. Use automated tools like ours for Website Security check, adopt secure coding practices, and consider penetration testing for maximum protection.

Happy Coding—and stay safe out there!

[sieyara]

How to Build a YouTube Clone App: Tech Stack, Features & Cost Explained

Ever scrolled through YouTube and thought, “I could build this—but better”? You’re not alone. With the explosive growth of content creators and the non-stop demand for video content, building your own YouTube clone isn’t just a dream—it’s a solid business move. Whether you're targeting niche creators, regional content, or building the next big video sharing and streaming platform, there’s room in the market for innovation.

But before you dive into code or hire a dev team, let’s talk about the how. What tech stack powers a platform like YouTube? What features are must-haves? And how much does it actually cost to build something this ambitious?

In this post, we’re breaking it all down—no fluff, no filler. Just a clear roadmap to building a killer YouTube-style platform with insights from the clone app experts at Miracuves.

Core Features of a YouTube Clone App

Before picking servers or coding frameworks, you need a feature checklist. Here’s what every modern YouTube clone needs to include:

1. User Registration & Profiles

Users must be able to sign up via email or social logins. Profiles should allow for customization, channel creation, and subscriber tracking.

2. Video Upload & Encoding

Users upload video files that are auto-encoded to multiple resolutions (360p, 720p, 1080p). You’ll need a powerful media processor and cloud storage to handle this.

3. Streaming & Playback

The heart of any video platform. Adaptive bitrate streaming ensures smooth playback regardless of network speed.

4. Content Feed & Recommendations

Dynamic feeds based on trending videos, subscriptions, or AI-driven interests. The better your feed, the longer users stay.

5. Like, Comment, Share & Subscribe

Engagement drives reach. Build these features in early and make them seamless.

6. Search & Filters

Let users find content via keywords, categories, uploaders, and tags.

7. Monetization Features

Allow ads, tipping (like Super Chat), or paid content access. This is where the money lives.

8. Admin Dashboard

Moderation tools, user management, analytics, and content flagging are essential for long-term growth.

Optional Features:

Live Streaming

Playlists

Stories or Shorts

Video Premiere Countdown

Multilingual Subtitles

Media Suggestion: Feature comparison table between YouTube and your envisioned clone

Recommended Tech Stack

The tech behind YouTube is serious business, but you don’t need Google’s budget to launch a lean, high-performance YouTube clone. Here’s what we recommend at Miracuves:

Frontend (User Interface)

React.js or Vue.js – Fast rendering and reusable components

Tailwind CSS or Bootstrap – For modern, responsive UI

Next.js – Great for server-side rendering and SEO

Backend (Server-side)

Node.js with Express – Lightweight and scalable

Python/Django – Excellent for content recommendation algorithms

Laravel (PHP) – If you're going for quick setup and simplicity

Video Processing & Streaming

FFmpeg – Open-source video encoding and processing

HLS/DASH Protocols – For adaptive streaming

AWS MediaConvert or Mux – For advanced media workflows

Cloudflare Stream – Built-in CDN and encoding, fast global delivery

Storage & Database

Amazon S3 or Google Cloud Storage – For storing video content

MongoDB or PostgreSQL – For structured user and video data

Authentication & Security

JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for secure session management

OAuth 2.0 for social logins

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for creators and admins

Analytics & Search

Elasticsearch – Fast, scalable search

Mixpanel / Google Analytics – Track video watch time, drop-offs, engagement

AI-based recommendation engine – Python + TensorFlow or third-party API

Media Suggestion: Architecture diagram showing tech stack components and flow

Development Timeline & Team Composition

Depending on complexity, here’s a typical development breakdown:

MVP Build: 3–4 months

Full Product with Monetization: 6–8 months

Team Needed:

1–2 Frontend Developers

1 Backend Developer

1 DevOps/Cloud Engineer

1 UI/UX Designer

1 QA Tester

1 Project Manager

Want to move faster? Miracuves offers pre-built YouTube clone app solutions that can cut launch time in half.

Estimated Cost Breakdown

Here’s a rough ballpark for custom development: PhaseEstimated CostUI/UX Design$3,000 – $5,000Frontend Development$6,000 – $10,000Backend Development$8,000 – $12,000Video Processing Setup$4,000 – $6,000QA & Testing$2,000 – $4,000Cloud Infrastructure$500 – $2,000/month (post-launch)

Total Estimated Cost: $25,000 – $40,000+ depending on features and scale

Need it cheaper? Go the smart way with a customizable YouTube clone from Miracuves—less risk, faster time-to-market, and scalable from day one.

Final Thoughts

Building a YouTube clone isn’t just about copying features—it’s about creating a platform that gives creators and viewers something fresh, intuitive, and monetizable. With the right tech stack, must-have features, and a clear plan, you’re not just chasing YouTube—you’re building your own lane in the massive video sharing and streaming platform space.

At Miracuves, we help startups launch video platforms that are secure, scalable, and streaming-ready from day one. Want to build a revenue-generating video app that users love? Let’s talk.

FAQs

How much does it cost to build a YouTube clone?

Expect $25,000–$40,000 for a custom build. Ready-made solutions from Miracuves can reduce costs significantly.

Can I monetize my YouTube clone?

Absolutely. Use ads, subscriptions, tipping, pay-per-view, or affiliate integrations.

What’s the hardest part of building a video streaming app?

Video encoding, storage costs, and scaling playback across geographies. You’ll need a solid cloud setup.

Do I need to build everything from scratch?

No. Using a YouTube clone script from Miracuves saves time and still offers full customization.

How long does it take to launch?

A simple MVP may take 3–4 months. A full-feature platform can take 6–8 months. Miracuves can cut that timeline in half.

Is it legal to build a YouTube clone?

Yes, as long as you’re not copying YouTube’s trademark or copyrighted content. The tech and business model are fair game.

[hackernewsrobot]

Ten Years of JSON Web Token and Preparing for the Future

https://self-issued.info/?p=2708

[21twelve]

Best Laravel Development Services for Fintech App Security & Speed

In 2025, the fintech sector is booming like never before. From digital wallets and neobanks to loan management systems and investment platforms, the demand for secure, fast, and scalable applications is skyrocketing. Behind many of these high-performing platforms lies one key technology: Laravel development services.

Laravel is a PHP-based web framework known for its elegant syntax, built-in security features, and flexibility. It has quickly become a go-to solution for fintech companies looking to build robust and future-ready apps.

In this blog, we’ll dive deep into why Laravel development services are the best choice for fintech applications, especially when it comes to security and speed. We’ll also answer key FAQs to help you make an informed decision.

Why Laravel is the Smart Choice for Fintech Development

1. Bank-Grade Security

Security is non-negotiable in fintech. Laravel offers features like:

CSRF protection

Encrypted password hashing (Bcrypt and Argon2)

SQL injection prevention

Two-factor authentication integrations

Secure session handling

When you hire expert Laravel development services, you ensure that your fintech app is guarded against common cyber threats and vulnerabilities.

2. Speed & Performance Optimization

In fintech, milliseconds matter. Laravel is designed for high performance. With features like:

Built-in caching with Redis or Memcached

Lazy loading of data

Queues for background processing

Lightweight Blade templating engine

Laravel apps are optimized to run fast and efficiently, even with complex data and multiple users.

3. Modular & Scalable Structure

Fintech startups need to evolve quickly. Laravel’s modular architecture allows developers to add new features without rewriting the whole app. Need to add payment gateways, KYC verification, or investment tracking? Laravel makes it easier and more maintainable.

4. API-Ready Backend

Most fintech apps need strong API support for mobile apps, third-party services, or internal dashboards. Laravel offers:

RESTful routing

API authentication with Laravel Sanctum or Passport

Seamless data exchange in JSON format

This makes Laravel development services ideal for creating flexible, API-first applications.

5. Developer Ecosystem & Community

Laravel has one of the strongest developer communities, which means:

Quick access to pre-built packages (e.g., for payments, SMS alerts, OTP login)

Frequent updates and support

Access to Laravel Nova, Horizon, and Echo for admin panels, job queues, and real-time data respectively

This helps fintech businesses reduce time-to-market and focus on innovation.

Real-World Use Case: Laravel in Fintech

A Canadian lending startup partnered with a Laravel development services provider to build a loan origination platform. The app included borrower onboarding, KYC checks, EMI tracking, and real-time risk analysis. Using Laravel:

The app handled over 10,000 users in the first 3 months.

Page load times were under 1 second even during peak hours.

The system passed a third-party penetration test with zero critical vulnerabilities.

Key Laravel Features That Fintech Businesses Love

Feature

Why It Matters for Fintech

Blade Templates

Speeds up frontend UI without complex JS

Laravel Sanctum

Easy API token management for mobile apps

Laravel Queue System

Handles transactions, notifications in background

Migration System

Helps keep track of database changes easily

Test Automation Support

Essential for secure and bug-free releases

How to Choose the Right Laravel Development Services

Here are 5 tips to find the best Laravel team for your fintech project:

Check for Security Expertise: Ask how they handle encryption, SSL, and data privacy.

Look for Fintech Experience: Have they built apps in finance, banking, or insurance?

Ask About Performance Tuning: Do they use Redis, CDN, or job queues?

Review Client Testimonials: Look for real business results and successful launches.

Support & Maintenance: Fintech apps need ongoing updates. Make sure they offer it.

FAQs: Laravel Development Services for Fintech

Q1: Can Laravel handle sensitive financial data securely?

Yes. Laravel offers built-in tools for encryption, secure session handling, and protection against OWASP top 10 vulnerabilities. Many fintech platforms successfully use Laravel.

Q2: Is Laravel fast enough for real-time fintech applications?

Absolutely. With caching, queues, and efficient routing, Laravel delivers low-latency responses. For real-time data (like trading apps), Laravel Echo and WebSockets can be used.

Q3: Can Laravel be used for mobile fintech apps?

Yes. Laravel is commonly used as a backend for mobile apps (using Flutter, React Native, or native frameworks). Laravel APIs are easy to connect with mobile frontends.

Final Thoughts

In the fintech world, the margin for error is razor-thin. Security breaches or slow load times can lead to user loss and legal trouble. That’s why choosing the right tech stack and more importantly, the right development team is crucial.

With Laravel, you get a framework that’s powerful, secure, and scalable. By partnering with professional Laravel development services, fintech companies can:

Launch secure and lightning-fast apps

Stay compliant with global standards

Scale features and users effortlessly

Beat the competition in speed and reliability

So, if you're planning to build or upgrade your fintech platform in 2025, now is the perfect time to invest in trusted Laravel development services.